Sapolsky's theory of Human Behavioral Biology posits that all behavior has biological underpinnings shaped by natural selection. Understanding human behavior requires consideration of myriad factors, from brain connections to evolutionary history. The complexity of behavior extends from neuronal activity to hormones, neuro-plasticity, childhood experiences, genetics, culture, and species evolution.

Sapolsky, born in New York, immersed himself in studying primates, eventually observing baboons in Africa and teaching behavioral biology at Stanford. He cautions against oversimplification of behavior, suggesting that understanding others' behavior requires careful consideration due to our complexity. Judging harshly without a comprehensive understanding is likened to judging a movie's conclusion based on a short clip.

Sapolsky's theory of Human Behavioral Biology intersects with poststructuralism by highlighting the intricate web of factors that shape human behavior. Poststructuralism emphasizes the complexity of human experiences and behaviors, arguing that they are not determined by a single, stable essence, but rather by a multitude of interacting influences. Just as poststructuralism challenges fixed meanings and identities, Sapolsky's theory challenges the reductionist view that behaviors can be fully understood through isolated biological explanations. Both perspectives acknowledge the role of various contextual factors – societal, cultural, historical, and biological – in shaping the diverse and ever-changing landscape of human actions. This convergence underscores the need for an interdisciplinary approach that recognizes the interconnectedness of different elements in understanding human behavior and identities.